Sleep Intervention During Acute Lung Injury

Official Title: “Sleep Intervention During Acute Lung Injury”

The central purpose of this proposal is to study the short-term effects of sedation with sympatholysis, using α2 adrenergic agent Dexmedetomidine, on sleep and inflammation in critically ill patients with Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Disorder Syndrome (ALI/ARDS). An additional objective is to determine the effect of Dexmedetomidine sedation on the in-vitro production of sleep-modulating inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of critically ill patients with ALI/ARDS.

Critically ill patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) who receive mechanical ventilation can suffer from severe sleep disruption despite continuous sedative infusions. Sleep disruption, in turn, may activate the sympathetic nervous system and cause elevation of circulating inflammatory cytokines, which, in turn, may play a causative role in delirium and post-traumatic stress disorder through consolidation of unpleasant memories during awakenings from sleep. Currently, there is very little understanding of the inter-relationship between critical illness, sleep, and neuropsychological well-being, due to the lack of intervention-based trials that improve sleep during critical illness. The central purpose of this proposal is to study the short-term effects of sedation with sympatholysis (central α2 adrenergic agent) on sleep and inflammation in critically ill patients with ALI/ARDS. Sedation with sympatholysis will be achieved by a novel sleep-promoting agent with central α2 adrenergic properties. This FDA approved novel sedative agent, dexmedetomidine, has been shown to decrease delirium (an independent predictor of mortality) and decrease duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation (Riker et al, JAMA 2009;301:542-44 and Pandharipande et al, JAMA 2007;298:2644-53). We will undertake sleep studies and measure circulating inflammatory cytokines that modulate sleep in patients with ALI/ARDS randomized to receive two different sedation strategies: central α2 adrenergic sedative-analgesic (dexmedetomidine) versus a conventional sedation strategy (midazolam and fentanyl) in a randomized, double blind, cross-over study. Specific Aim 1: To assess the short-term effect of an α2 adrenergic agent on sleep quality in critically ill patients with ALI/ARDS. Specific Aim 2: To assess the short-term effect of an α2 adrenergic agent on sleep-modulating inflammatory cytokines in critically ill patients with ALI/ARDS. Specific aim 3: To determine the effect of α2 adrenergic agent on the in-vitro production of sleep-modulating inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with ALI/ARDS. Collectively, our study will identify whether sleep disruption in such patients can be minimized. In the long-term, this program of research will identify sedation practices that are least associated with adverse short- and long-term consequences of critical illness, and thereby ultimately help improve quality of life of patients surviving critical illness

Intervention(s) in this Clinical Trial

• Drug: Dexmedetomidine
  • Intravenous continuous infusion will be initiated with a (optional) loading dose of 1 mcg/Kg over 10 minutes followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.5 mcg/kg/hour for 24 hours.
• Drug: Midazolam and Fentanyl
  • Midazolam (Versed): Loading dose 2-4 mg IV bolus followed by continuous infusion at 1-7 mg/hour. Open label aliquots for pain (Midazolam 1- 4 mg IV bolus.) Fentanyl: Loading dose 50-200 mcg IV bolus; Continuous infusion rate 50-300 mcg/hour. Open label aliquots for pain (Fentanyl 50 - 200 mcg IV bolus.)

Arms, Groups and Cohorts in this Clinical Trial

• Experimental: Dexmedetomidine
  • Dexmedetomidine plus saline
• Active Comparator: Usual Care
  • Midazolam and Fentanyl

Primary Measures

• Specific Aim 1: To assess the short-term effect of an α2 adrenergic agent on sleep quality in critically ill patients with ALI/ARDS.
  • Time Frame: 72 hours
    Safety Issue?: No

Secondary Measures

• Specific Aim 2: To assess the short-term effect of an α2 adrenergic agent on sleep-modulating inflammatory cytokines in critically ill patients with ALI/ARDS.
  • Time Frame: 72 hours
    Safety Issue?: No
• Specific aim 3: To determine the effect of α2 adrenergic agent on the in-vitro production of sleep-modulating inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with ALI/ARDS.
  • Time Frame: 48 hours
    Safety Issue?: No

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age range 18-85 (inclusive)
• Potential subjects receiving mechanical ventilation
• Potential subjects must have:
• 1. Acute hypoxemia with a PaO2/FiO2 < 300 mm Hg (for ALI) OR < 200 mm Hg (for
• ARDS), 2. Bilateral infiltrates (including very mild infiltrates)
• 3. No clinical evidence of left atrial hypertension, or a pulmonary artery wedge pressure < 18 mm Hg.
• Potential subjects will be recruited after intubation and following a (systolic BP >
• 90 mm Hg on 2 or less continuous infusion of pressors) and ventilatory parameters (requiring < 60% fractional inspired O2 concentration [FiO2] and PEEP < 8 cm H2O).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina or active myocardial ischemia
• Potential subjects who are considered too unstable to undergo this investigation by their primary physician.
• 1. Symptomatic bradycardia (ventricular rate < 50 accompanied by hypotension
• [Systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg] or atrio-ventricular block [second degree type II or greater]).
• 2. Known inability to tolerate beta-blockers or dexmedetomidine.
• 3. Systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg despite continuous infusions of 2 vasopressors before the start of study drug infusion.
• Potential subjects who are comatose or suffering from severe debilitating neurological disease (Intracerebral hemorrhage).
• History of severe dementia (derived from medical records or family sources).
• Active seizures
• Alcohol abuse by history
• Clinical evidence for decompensated congestive heart failure (elevated jugular venous distension, dependent edema) with echocardiographic evidence for significant systolic heart failure- left ventricular ejection fraction <30%.
• Renal failure (on renal dialysis); Hepatocellular failure (Child-Pugh class C).
• Metastatic or terminal cancer and patients with do-not-resuscitate orders
• Pregnancy
• Potential subjects who are expected to be extubated within 48 hours

Gender Eligibility for this Clinical Trial: Both

Minimum Age for this Clinical Trial: 18 Years

Maximum Age for this Clinical Trial: 85 Years

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted for this Clinical Trial?: No

Lead Investigator: University of Arizona Other

Overall Clinical Trial Officials and Contacts

Sairam Parthasarathy, MD Principal Investigator Southern Arizona VA Health Care System; University of Arizona College of Medicine  

Overall Contact: Sairam Parthasarathy, MD 520-629-1824 spartha@arc.arizona.edu

Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on February 12, 2012

Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record. http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01050699

Study ID Number: HSC# 09-0232-01

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01050699

Health Authority: United States: Institutional Review Board