Examining Genetic Differences Among People With 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency

Official Title: “Modifier Genes in 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency”

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disorder that affects the amount of steroids that the body forms. The most common form of CAH is 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD), which leads to cortisol deficiency. This, in turn, causes the development of mature masculine characteristics in newborn, prepubescent, and grown females and in prepubescent males. 21OHD is known to be caused by the mutation of a specific gene. However, symptom severity among people with 21OHD varies, and adults seem to be less affected than children.

This study will examine participants' DNA to determine what other genes may affect the severity of 21OHD and may make the disease milder in adults than in children.

CAH is a genetic steroidogenesis disorder. The most common form, 21OHD, leads to cortisol deficiency and, in turn, an excess of androgen, a hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics. As a result of this androgen excess, prepubescent males and newborn, prepubescent, and grown females exhibit mature masculine characteristics.

The symptoms and severity of 21OHD vary among individuals with the disease and in adults versus children. The reasons for these differences are not yet known. Current therapy for 21OHD consists of administration of glucocorticoids to replace cortisol and suppress excessive pituitary function. With more information about what genes or factors contribute to the severity of 21OHD, researchers may be able to better treat children and adults with the disease. This study will examine participants' DNA to determine what other genes may affect the severity of 21OHD and may make the disease milder in adults than in children.

People interested in participating in this 3-day inpatient study will first undergo a physical exam and provide a blood sample to determine eligibility. Eligible participants will be admitted to the study site in the morning on the first study day. A blood sample will be taken and participants will receive one 10-mg pill of hydrocortisone. Heart rates and blood pressures will be taken every 4 hours throughout the day. In the morning of Day 2, a blood sample will be taken and participants will be asked to urinate in the toilet. After this point and until the end of the study, participants will collect all urine in a jug. On the morning of Day 3, participants will complete urine collection and a blood sample will be taken. Participants will then receive intravenously a medicine called cosyntropin, a synthetic form of a hormone that the body makes. About 1 hour after this, participants will provide a final blood sample. Participants will receive one last pill of hydrocortisone prior to the end of the study.

Intervention(s) in this Clinical Trial

• Procedure: Hydrocortisone withdrawal
  • This is considered a non-standard treatment. On Day 1, participants will receive one 10-mg pill of hydrocortisone. On Day 3, participants will receive intravenously a medicine called cosyntropin, a synthetic form of a hormone that the body makes. Participants will receive one last pill of hydrocortisone prior to the end of the study.

Arms, Groups and Cohorts in this Clinical Trial

• Experimental: 1

Primary Measures

• Serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone/cortisol ratio
  • Time Frame: After cosyntropin administration
    Safety Issue?: No

Secondary Measures

• Many other serum and urine steroids, metabolites, and precursors
  • Time Frame: Before and after cosyntropin administration
    Safety Issue?: No

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of 21OHD with two "severe" alleles, excluding the A/C656G mutation OR participant consents to genetic testing and a CYP21A2 mutation is identified
• Currently a patient at one of the participating centers
• Currently taking less than 15mg/m² hydrocortisone per day and has been for at least the past 3 months

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of adrenal crisis within 1 year prior to study entry
• Any coexisting condition requiring corticosteroid therapy (e.g., asthma, psoriasis)
• History of removal of both adrenal glands
• History of deficient pituitary gland function
• Current or past use of growth hormone therapy within 3 months prior to study entry
• Serum creatinine level greater than 2 mg/dL
• Systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg
• History of critical illness or surgery that required general anesthesia within 1 month prior to study entry

Gender Eligibility for this Clinical Trial: Both

Minimum Age for this Clinical Trial: 18 Years

Maximum Age for this Clinical Trial: 50 Years

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted for this Clinical Trial?: No

Lead Investigator: Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) NIH

Overall Clinical Trial Officials and Contacts

Richard J. Auchus, MD, PhD Principal Investigator University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  

Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on February 12, 2012

Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record. http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00542841

Study ID Number: RDCRN 5607

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00542841

Health Authority: United States: Federal Government